The financial trilemma in China and a comparative analysis with India

Policymakers dealing with the Great Recession of 2008–09 are confronted with what we call the ‘financial trilemma’. This hypothesis, based on pioneering work by Mundell and Fleming in the 1960s, asserts that a country may not simultaneously target exchange-rate stability, conduct an independent monetary policy, and have full financial integration – it is a potent paradigm of open-economy macroeconomics (see Fleming 1962 and Mundell 1963).

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