The Popular Front of India (PFI), a Muslim organisation accused of sending bulk SMSes that led to the exodus of northeast migrants from Bangalore, has said, "Kerala isn't as progressive and secular as it is made out to be."  PFI, formed in 2006 as a confederation of Muslim organisations such as the National Development Front (Kerala), Manitha Neethi Pasarai (Tamil Nadu) and the Karnataka Forum for Dignity, has a strong presence in India's most literate state.